Half Adder Let’s apply switching algebra to the design of a half adder, a core circuit in CPUs. A half adder takes two binary inputs and generates two outputs.

The half adder is designed according to the hybridization and displacement of DNA strands, as well as the formation and dissociation of a G-quadruplex (G-4), as shown in Figure 1. All the DNA ...

The output of the half-adder is a result of 0 or 1 and a carry of 0 or 1. Additional circuits shift the operation to the next binary digit on the left until the entire number has been added.