Granular gases are systems that contain macroscopic particles in low density. Examples include cosmic dust, the rings around the planets Saturn, Uranus and Neptune and also clouds of dust on Earth.

Engineers demonstrate 'bubbles' of sand Discovery explains new family of gravitational instabilities in granular particles of different densities Date: April 22, 2019 Source: Columbia University ...

The densest state of granular packings is defined by individual particles that form permanent contacts: The contacts can be monitored quantitatively by stress birefringence in both 2D and 3D. The ...

They realized that scientists knew how to go from the properties of individual particles to the behavior of the granular material made up of those particles, but they didn’t know how to start with a ...

Another type of bonding that can arise between granular particles results from the influence of tiny bridges of water (SN: 1/2/99, p. 6).

Landslides are one striking example of erosion. When the bonds that hold particles of dirt and rock together are overwhelmed by a force — often in the form of water — sufficient to pull the rock and ...

Say the imported CAD model was an excavation bucket, for example. Users would create a pile of representative particles through which the bucket will move.

The complexity is further compounded by the transitions between different flow regimes. For example, a regime of moving particles can exhibit a mixed type of gas-liquid-solid behavior during flow, ...