Blood cultures drawn when she was admitted grew three organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and Gram-positive cocci in chains. The Gram-positive cocci had pinpoint growth, ...

Gram stain showed a positive predictive value (PPV) of 84.7% for gram-negative rods in urine culture; however, the PPV was only 38.4% for gram-positive cocci.