Scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis are types of spinal curves. Scoliosis is a sideways S- or C-shaped curve, kyphosis is an excessive forward curve, and lordosis is an exaggerated inward curve.

Kyphosis: An excessive, forward curvature of the thoracic spine often observed in older adults. Cobb Angle: A radiographic measure used to quantify the degree of spinal curvature in kyphosis.