Source: Ananthakrisnan D, et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999;doi: 10.2106/00004623-199908000-00010.

The arch across the foot evolved at least 3.4 million years ago, possibly before the lengthwise arch. Both arches help humans to walk and run.

For immediate relief of the pain in the arch of the foot, simple analgesic medications may be used. This includes paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen ...

Flat feet, also called pes planus, are a common foot deformity that may or may not affect your daily activities. People with the condition usually have no or low arches in one foot or both feet.

Washington University School of Medicine. "Foot Deformity Treatment Developed." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 7 April 2007. <www.sciencedaily.com / releases / 2007 / 04 / 070406140951.htm>.

Dr. Phisitkul said there are multiple treatments for flat foot deformity. He said if caught young and early, insoles, physical therapy and corrective exercises can be helpful.