The wax ring works like a gasket around the base of the toilet. It attaches to the toilet flange, the opening of the waste line. Today you can buy waxless rings made of rubber or plastic polymers ...

In refineries and petrochemical plants, ring-type joint (RTJ) flanges have been applied to high-pressure processes or sensitive areas that are susceptible to leaks. Sang-Mo Lee has more than 26 yr of ...

The use of spiral-wound gaskets on flanges has resulted in good sealing performance. However, most gaskets do not perform well when the flange is improperly installed. In refineries, the gasket ...