That's because "many patients with melasma have a component of dermal melasma, rather than purely epidermal, meaning that the pigment sits in deeper layers of the skin in addition to superficial ...

During this exam, the lamp highlights epidermal melasma, but not dermal melasma. Histologic studies demonstrate increased melanin in either the epidermis (basal and suprabasal layers), dermis ...

"Nd:YAG lasers and Pico lasers have demonstrated effective at improving melasma," says Dr. Charles. She explains that the ...

Melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation may exhibit epidermal, dermal, or mixed melanotic involvement (Ortonne, Bahadoran, Fitzpatrick, Mosher, & Hori, 2003). In every case, these ...