Earth is fortunate in having a magnetic field: it protects the planet and its life from harmful cosmic radiation. Other ...

Animation reveals a detailed look at Earth's ‘lithospheric magnetic field’ The layer makes up 6 percent of the magnetic field, and is hard to see from space ...

At just some 25 miles thick in the case of continents and 4 miles thick under ocean basins, Earth's crust is, in contrast, far too thin, cool and rigid to support convection processes.

Article Published: 01 October 1968 Two-component Flow Model for Convection in the Earth's Upper Mantle F. C. FRANK Nature 220, 350–352 (1968) Cite this article ...

The Earth's crust is broken into tectonic plates . It was once believed that convection currents in the mantle caused the plates to move. However, it is now recognised to be more complicated than ...