Analysts cite a number of reasons for Family Dollar’s difficulties, including low-income shoppers who are wrestling with inflation, competition with other retailers, and issues including poorly maintained stores.

Dollar Tree sold its Family Dollar subsidiary for $1 billion to Brigade Capital Management and Macellum Capital Management, ending its effort to integrate the brand since acquiring it in 2015.

Dollar Tree is selling Family Dollar to a pair of private equity firms for $1 billion after a decade of trying to make its acquisition of the bargain chain fit. Dollar Tree Inc. acquired Family Dollar for more than $8 billion in 2015 after a bidding war with rival Dollar General.