I study income poverty indices in a framework considering two poverty lines: one absolute line capturing subsistence and one relative line capturing social exclusion. In this framework, a set of basic ...

In 2023, 20.2 percent of Estonia's population lived in relative poverty, while 2.7 percent lived in absolute poverty. Compared to 2022, the share of people in relative poverty decreased by 2.3 ...

Ms Reynolds also revealed that for the same financial year 1.9 million pensioners were in "relative poverty" after housing costs and of those, 1.6 million were not in receipt of pension credit at ...