A variety of chemical modifications decorate the nucleic acids, increasing the alphabet of DNA to about a dozen known nucleotide variants. The alphabet of RNA is even more impressive, consisting of at ...

The sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. This backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality ...

In this type of pairing, adenine (A) forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine (T) in DNA or uracil (U) in RNA, while guanine (G) forms three hydrogen bonds with cytosine (C). These base pairs are highly ...

The central dogma of molecular biology suggests that the primary role of RNA is to convert the information stored in DNA into proteins ... that do not take the form of mRNA are referred to ...

All five nucleobases that make up DNA and RNA have now been detected in meteorite samples ... To see whether nucleobases could form under extraterrestrial conditions, the researchers also ran ...

This discovery, along with the identification of other nitrogenous bases, laid the foundation for our understanding of DNA and RNA structure ... 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC): An oxidized form of 5mC ...