GCSE Edexcel Lenses - Edexcel Ray diagrams and images Lenses are precisely shaped pieces of glass that have been developed and used in corrective glasses, telescopes, microscopes, binoculars, and ...

In a ray diagram, a converging lens is drawn as a vertical line with outward facing arrows to indicate the shape of the lens. Key point The focal length f of a converging lens is defined as the ...

For pt.I see ibid., vol.37, no.11, p.1377 (1989). The periodic structure ray method (PSRM) for evaluation of coupling coefficients in large concave array was developed in part I. The PSRM is ...