For transforaminal and caudal ESI, the fluoroscopy time was 11 to 161 seconds (mean, 36.0 seconds) and 4 to 678 seconds (mean, 18.2 seconds), respectively, with significantly longer fluoroscopy ...

Researchers examined 120 patients presenting with low back and low extremity pain who were diagnosed with disc herniation and radiculitis. The patients were randomized into two groups and either ...

Yoon JS et al. (2005) The feasibility of color Doppler ultrasonography for caudal epidural steroid injection. Pain 118: 210–214 ...

Article citations More>> Akkaya, T., Ozkan, D., Kertmen, H. and Sekerci, Z. (2017) Caudal Epidural Steroid Injections in Postlaminectomy Patients: Comparison of Ultrasonography and Fluoroscopy.

Objective To assess the efficacy of caudal epidural steroid or saline injection in chronic lumbar radiculopathy in the short (6 weeks), intermediate (12 weeks), and long term (52 weeks). Design ...

The NCCI Edits are updated quarterly and in the most recent release dated April 2015, fluoroscopic guidance was bundled into the epidural injection codes. What this means is that Medicare and Medicaid ...

What this means is that Medicare and Medicaid (and any private payers who follow NCCI edits [i.e., United Healthcare, etc.]) will no longer reimburse separately for fluoroscopy when done with an ...