However, for every two fluoride ions, ten calcium ions and six phosphate ions are required to form one unit cell of fluorapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 F 2). 2 Hence, when topically applying fluoride ...

New work reported in Science Signaling has suggested that an excess of fluoride can disrupt calcium signaling, gene expression and mitochondrial function in cells that are forming enamel. "The ...