Of the most commonly planted woodland-forming trees in Iceland—Sitka spruce, Russian larch, Alaskan cottonwood, lodgepole pine and birch—only this last species is native.

When Iceland was first settled at the end of the ninth century, much of the land on or near the coast was covered in birch woodlands. "The people that came here were Iron Age culture," Halldorsson ...

In theory, anyone could come to this government-owned forest, tap the birch trees and pick leaves for their tea. But turning that into a lucrative business is a different matter. In many ways, the ...

Restoring birch woodland on Iceland is shown. When the Vikings came to Iceland, there were expansive birch woodlands here, but nearly all was cleared away and the woods lay bare far into the 20th ...

Birch trees adjust their stem thickness to support their weight. Trees are known for their great, but not unlimited, trunk height and diameter. They have evolved to develop a heavy above-ground ...