The climate ESB is worth further ­consideration, especially considering that climate, along with ­biosphere integrity, is considered a core planetary boundary, according to a 2015 updated ...

For over 3 billion years, the interaction between life (represented by the planetary boundary, Biosphere Integrity) and climate have controlled the overall environmental conditions on Earth.

For over 3 billion years, the interaction between life (represented by the planetary boundary, Biosphere Integrity) and climate have controlled the overall environmental conditions on Earth.

Earth’s climate has been stable because of the stability of nine planetary boundaries. The main two boundaries are climate and biosphere integrity (a boundary that includes biodiversity) — humans can ...

A new study delivers a stark warning that Central Asia has overshot its environmental safety limits concerning land footprint ...