Echocardiography and MRI have completely replaced catheterization in adults with ASD ... [13] For the most frequent defect, the secundum ASD, percutaneous closure minimizes hospital stay and ...

Closure of an atrial septal defect can be done either percutaneously with a closure device or surgically. ASD closure is indicated when right heart enlargement is present, however not in the ...

Case 2 continued to have poor growth after spontaneous closure of the atrial septal defect. Case 1, who had an associated large ductus and aortic stenosis, was noted to have a heart murmur at two ...

Remember from the heart sounds section that the delay in aortic valve closure can cause a paradoxically ... Note that the murmur of an atrial septal defect (see below) is also midsystolic; however ...

Primum (2 patients), secundum (68 patients) and sinus defects (4 ... Percutaneous closure seems to be the first line therapeutical option for uncomplicated secundum ASD. Summary algorithm for ...