Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the landscape of modern medicine, and anesthesiology is no exception. Traditionally a field reliant on the precision and vigilance of human ...

As a medicinal therapy to relieve pain and brain dysfunction, anesthesia has been relevant since as early as 4000 BC with its use for cultural, military, and religious purposes (Lutnick et al ...

For example, spinal anesthesia is used to reduce pain. Pain during labor is caused by uterine muscle contractions, pressure on the cervix, pressure from the baby on the bladder and bowel, and ...

New research on anesthesia has yielded important results about the physical basis of consciousness in the brain. For decades, one of the most fundamental and vexing questions in neuroscience has ...