Ra simply, is the mean roughness; the average calculated from the peak heights and valley depths. A surface that is mostly spiked can have the same Ra value as one that is mostly troughed- but ...

Being able to quantify a surface finish is both a complex and necessary task. While surface topography relates to a three-dimensional property, the most accepted surface measurement parameter is ...

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of surface roughness on flow around a circular cylinder. The experiment includes measurements for the pressure distribution, drag ...

For a long time, seal manufacturers and seal users have used Ra= 10 - 20 µin and machine lead ≤ ±0.05 degree to control shaft surface finish for radial lip seal applications. However, even when a ...

A surface that is mostly spiked can have the same Ra value as one that is mostly troughed- but each could have a very different impact on seal performance. Nowadays, surface finish measuring equipment ...