Mount Olive is a city in Macoupin County, Illinois, United States. The population was 2,015 at the 2020 census. The city is part of the Metro East region within the St. Louis metropolitan area. Mount Olive is located in southeastern Macoupin County. Illinois Route 138 has its eastern terminus in the city, leading west 5 miles to Benld. Former U.S. Route 66 passed through the north and west sides of the city and later on a wider alignment farther north and west of the city. Both routings are now local roads, as Interstate 55 now passes 1 mile west of town, with access from Exit 44. Old Route 66 leads 8 miles northeast to Litchfield and southwest 6 miles to Staunton, and I-55 leads north 50 miles to Springfield and southwest 45 miles to St. Louis.