Overview of the treatment of hyponatremia in adults - UpToDate
WEBJul 19, 2024 · This topic provides an overview of the treatment of adults with hyponatremia, including the pretreatment evaluation, selection of initial and subsequent therapy, goals of therapy, and common pitfalls. The causes, clinical manifestations, and evaluation of hyponatremia, as well as detailed discussions about specific causes of hyponatremia, …
Treatment of hyponatremia: Syndrome of inappropriate
WEBFeb 13, 2024 · The choice of therapy of SIADH is dependent upon a number of factors including the degree of hyponatremia, the presence or absence of symptoms, the likelihood that the cause of SIADH is reversible, and to some degree, the urine osmolality.
Diagnostic evaluation of adults with hyponatremia - UpToDate
WEBJul 1, 2024 · Hyponatremia, defined as a serum sodium concentration below 135 mEq/L, is usually caused by a failure to excrete water normally [1,2]. In healthy individuals, the ingestion of water does not lead to hyponatremia because suppressed release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin, allows excess water to be excreted …
Fractional excretion of sodium, urea, and other molecules in
WEBNov 15, 2022 · The fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) measures the percent of filtered sodium that is excreted in the urine. This calculation is widely used to help differentiate prerenal disease (decreased kidney perfusion) from acute tubular necrosis (ATN) as the cause of acute kidney injury (AKI, formerly called acute renal failure).
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WEBDecaux G, Gankam Kengne F, Couturier B, et al. Actual Therapeutic Indication of an Old Drug: Urea for Treatment of Severely Symptomatic and Mild Chronic Hyponatremia Related to SIADH. J Clin Med 2014; 3:1043.
Hyponatremia in patients with cirrhosis - UpToDate
WEBOct 13, 2022 · Hyponatremia is a common problem in patients with advanced cirrhosis. The pathogenesis of hyponatremia in these patients is directly related to the hemodynamic changes and secondary neurohumoral adaptations that occur, resulting in an impaired ability to excrete ingested water.
Pathophysiology and etiology of the syndrome of inappropriate ...
WEBMay 17, 2024 · In SIADH, the urine sodium concentration is usually above 40 mEq/L, the serum potassium concentration is normal, there is no acid-base disturbance, and the serum uric acid concentration is frequently low [1]. (See "Diagnostic evaluation of …
Hyponatremia in patients with heart failure - UpToDate
WEBNov 15, 2022 · Hyponatremia can develop in patients with severe myocardial dysfunction. Issues related to hyponatremia in heart failure will be reviewed here. Overviews of the evaluation and treatment of hyponatremia are presented separately: (See "Overview of the treatment of hyponatremia in adults".) (See "Diagnostic evaluation of adults with …
Cerebral salt wasting - UpToDate
WEBMar 26, 2024 · Cerebral salt wasting (CSW) is another potential cause of hyponatremia in those with CNS disease, particularly patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. CSW is characterized by hyponatremia and extracellular fluid depletion due to inappropriate sodium wasting in the urine [5].
Treatment of hypernatremia in adults - UpToDate
WEBMay 17, 2024 · This topic will focus on the treatment of hypernatremia induced by water loss, which is the most common cause. The treatment of hypernatremia in patients with impaired thirst, with or without arginine vasopressin disorders, and with primary sodium overload will also be reviewed.